Criminal offences against property
Prescribing crimes against property and punishing their perpetrators protects property. Property means a set of goods that belong to a particular entity.
Legal descriptions of criminal offences (from the Criminal Code)
Theft
(1) Whoever takes another person's movable property away from them with the aim of unlawfully appropriating it
shall be punished by imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years.
(2) If the stolen property is of small value and the perpetrator acted with the aim of appropriating property of such value,
they shall be punished by imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.
(3) If the stolen property is of great value, the perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment for a term between six months and five years.
(4) If the perpetrator returns stolen property to the injured party before having learnt that he or she has been discovered, his or her punishment may be remitted.
(5) The attempt to commit the criminal offence referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article shall be punishable.
Aggravated theft
(1) A punishment of imprisonment from six months to five years shall be inflicted on whoever commits theft referred to in Article 228, paragraph (1) of this Code:
1. by picking a lock, breaking in or overcoming considerable obstacles in order to gain access to property in closed buildings, rooms, cash registers, cabinets or other enclosed premises or space,
2. in a particularly dangerous or particularly brazen manner,
3. by taking advantage of a condition caused by fire, flood, earthquake or other calamity,
4. by exploiting the helplessness or other particularly difficult condition of another person,
5. if weapons, ammunition, missiles, explosive ordnances, combat resources or part of combat resources serving the needs of the army have been stolen,
6. if the stolen item is used for religious purposes or has been stolen from a church or other building or room used for religious ceremonies,
7. if an item of cultural property or an object of scientific, artistic, historical or technical significance has been stolen or stolen property is part of a public collection, a protected private collection or is publically displayed,
8. if the perpetrator carried a weapon or a dangerous instrument for the purpose of attack or defence,
9. in the capacity of an official person performing their duties or a responsible person exercising public authority.
(2) If a criminal offence fits the characteristics of aggravated theft referred to in paragraph (1), and the value of the stolen property is high, the perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment for a term between one and eight years.
(3) If a criminal offence fits the characteristics of aggravated theft referred to in paragraph (1), items 1 through 6 of this Article, but the stolen property is of small value, and the perpetrator acted with the aim of appropriating items of such value,
they shall be punished for theft referred to in Article 228, paragraph (1) of this Act.
Robbery
(1) Whoever, by using force against a person or threatening to directly attack their life or limb, confiscates another's movable property with the aim of unlawfully appropriating it
shall be punished by imprisonment for a term between one and ten years.
(2) If the criminal offence referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article has resulted in significant material gain or a weapon or a dangerous instrument was used to commit such criminal offence,
the perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment for a term between three and twelve years.
(3) If the criminal offence referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article has resulted in the death of a person,
the perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of no less than five years.
Legal descriptions of criminal offences (from the Criminal Code)
Theft
(1) Whoever takes another person's movable property away from them with the aim of unlawfully appropriating it
shall be punished by imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years.
(2) If the stolen property is of small value and the perpetrator acted with the aim of appropriating property of such value,
they shall be punished by imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.
(3) If the stolen property is of great value, the perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment for a term between six months and five years.
(4) If the perpetrator returns stolen property to the injured party before having learnt that he or she has been discovered, his or her punishment may be remitted.
(5) The attempt to commit the criminal offence referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article shall be punishable.
Aggravated theft
(1) A punishment of imprisonment from six months to five years shall be inflicted on whoever commits theft referred to in Article 228, paragraph (1) of this Code:
1. by picking a lock, breaking in or overcoming considerable obstacles in order to gain access to property in closed buildings, rooms, cash registers, cabinets or other enclosed premises or space,
2. in a particularly dangerous or particularly brazen manner,
3. by taking advantage of a condition caused by fire, flood, earthquake or other calamity,
4. by exploiting the helplessness or other particularly difficult condition of another person,
5. if weapons, ammunition, missiles, explosive ordnances, combat resources or part of combat resources serving the needs of the army have been stolen,
6. if the stolen item is used for religious purposes or has been stolen from a church or other building or room used for religious ceremonies,
7. if an item of cultural property or an object of scientific, artistic, historical or technical significance has been stolen or stolen property is part of a public collection, a protected private collection or is publically displayed,
8. if the perpetrator carried a weapon or a dangerous instrument for the purpose of attack or defence,
9. in the capacity of an official person performing their duties or a responsible person exercising public authority.
(2) If a criminal offence fits the characteristics of aggravated theft referred to in paragraph (1), and the value of the stolen property is high, the perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment for a term between one and eight years.
(3) If a criminal offence fits the characteristics of aggravated theft referred to in paragraph (1), items 1 through 6 of this Article, but the stolen property is of small value, and the perpetrator acted with the aim of appropriating items of such value,
they shall be punished for theft referred to in Article 228, paragraph (1) of this Act.
Robbery
(1) Whoever, by using force against a person or threatening to directly attack their life or limb, confiscates another's movable property with the aim of unlawfully appropriating it
shall be punished by imprisonment for a term between one and ten years.
(2) If the criminal offence referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article has resulted in significant material gain or a weapon or a dangerous instrument was used to commit such criminal offence,
the perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment for a term between three and twelve years.
(3) If the criminal offence referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article has resulted in the death of a person,
the perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of no less than five years.